Apparatus for producing cement.



H. PASSOW. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED JAILG, 1903.

Patented Jan. 28,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVELH'TO R 1W ATT'o R N E-YS I H. PASSOW. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6.1903.

1,05 1,627. Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

3 BHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNELES \NVEN'T'OR H. PAS 80W. APPARATUS FOBPBODUOING CEMENT. APPLIOATIONXILED JAHIB, 1903.

1,051,627. Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ENTOR WITNESSES BY MW Mummy s of the blast, soas to produce particles'of larger'or smaller size,'so that for the same UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIoE.

HERMANN PASSOW, 0E HAMBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOIL'BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CEMENT.

5 vented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Cement, of which the following is a specification, taken in connection with the accompany- -ing drawings, which form a part of the same.

, This invention relates to improvements inthe treatment of blastv furnace slugs, or

other slags, made from artificially melted.

materials, o-fa, similar kind, and has for its objectthe production of granulated or pulverized slags in defined chemical or physi-- cal conditions necessary for the production of cements, in accordance with my invention described in prior Letters Patent granted to me.

In, order to carry out the inventionre-, .ferred to in the hereinbefore mentioned specifications, I have described means of selecting by chemical tests set out therein,.the different classes of slags necessary, and dividing such slags into two classes, which are chemically active and chemically inert,

under such tests. This invention consists in the treatment of-slagor the like'so as to produce atwill, positively and certainly, from a single stream of slag, the two required; variet es ina predetermined manner, or to produce a mixture of the two in suitable proportions.

For the purposefof granulating. or disintegrating the slag, Iv mayuse any of the.

known methods, by a blast of steam, or air, or gas, or by mechanical means, 'such as rollers, or centrifugal dispersers, or by allowing the slag to fall through a space, bein broken up in its fall, and sufiiciently cooled to prevent its aggregationafterfalling.

In the case of a blast of steam or-pref-. erably of air, or of gas, or. a mixture of steam-and air'or gas; I regulate the force temperature of the air they cool; at a determined rate, depending on 'the .size, and in some cases I- arrange for the particles to be projected onto or against a cooling surface, the temperature of which I regulate by. means of water or air cooling,-. so 'that thecooling effect on the pulverized particles is controlled, I also in. certain Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 6, 1903. Serial 1%. 188,080.

Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

cases regulate the temperature of the steam or air blast, by all this I arrange a fractional cooling by different stages and degrees.

In the case vof mechanical disintegrators, I use the following methods of regulating, viz :by regulating thetemperature of the surface, on which the slag first falls, and of the moving or disintegrating part of the machine, by cooling them more or less by means of air or water, and I further modi the condition of the disintegrated slag by regulating the temperature of the air' through which the slag is projected, also by the speed at which it is projected as well as by the size of the disintegrated particles, and further, I regulate the final coolm h the disintegrated particles fall. By these means complete control is given of the chemical: and physical condition of the disintegrated slag, so as to produce the vaby the temperature of the surface ontowfiic rieties required for my process of making cement, so that in one apparatus or set of.

apparatus, the different varieties may. be

produced ready for mixing. -Inaddition, by careful regulation of the various cont-rollable elements of the apparatus it is possible to produce a mixture of the two required sorts at one operation. I I now roceed to define the conditions underwhlch by such controlling elements of the apparatus the required states of chemical activity of the slags may be. obtained. v y

In order to produce the chemically inert variety of slag, the disintegrating elementby blast or mechanical or' gravitational means, must be regulated so as to breakthe molten slag as far as possible into spherical particles, or thinsheets and' to cool it as rapidly as possible,g-to the solid-or -plastic condition, and to continue the coolin as rapidly as possible below a visible eat, without using any water directly in conwhich has the property, when ground and mixed with water, of giving little or no tact. A glassy product is thus produced,

rise of temperature when heated with carbonic acid gas, being what I have'referred to, as chemically inert. y a

In order to produce the chemica'llyactive variety of slag, the disintegrating element. by blast or mechanical or gravitational means, must. be regulated as for the former variety, but better results may be obtained by adjusting the pulverizing element so as to break the slag as far as possible into ir-' regular spongy, blistered, friable masses or particles, and the slag must be cooled as quickly as possible, to such a. state that it is of about plastic consistency, and from this state the cooling must be continued at a slower rate than for the first mentioned variety, till below a visible temperature.

In some cases it is advisable to use with the steam or air blast, either with or without mechanical apparatus or other disintegrator, a certain quantity of water, which however will not be sufficient to wet the product, but only assists by its sudden conversion into gas, the formation of the desired spongy structure. The slagso heated is of a non-glassy and pumiceous structure, and when ground and mixed with water, shows a considerable rise oftemperature when heated with carbonic acid gas.

Although I prefer to make the two separate products necessary for my process of making cement at different operations, be-

a cause thereby, their mixing can be better regulated, in certain cases it is convenient to adjust the disintegration so that a mixture of the two sorts is produced. To effect this, an el ent of inequality must be introdnced, s d that the size and structure of the particles produced, may vary, that is with steam or air blasts, the stream of slag must be somewhat irregular in quantity, or rate or flow, or the blast must be of a pulsating nature," and in the case of mechanical disintegrators, the stream of the slag may fall in an irregular manner upon the moving surface, and may be thrown unequally to different distances, or at different velocities, and in the case of gravitational disintegrators, must pass over the weir or dam face at a varying or irregular rate, sufii: cient variations in all these cases may usually be obtained by some obstruction to the flow from the source of the slag, so that a surging action is set up in the stream, but positive means may be adapted for achieving this irregularity. For this purpose the apparatus will be regulated intentionally to critical points, where the particles are subjected to different treatment resulting in variation in size, form and structure, the cooling and transformation are above and be low a mean point, by which, both glassy and non-glassy slags are produced at the same time in suitable proportions.

Another way of achieving the same result 1s to let one part of the disintegrated slagsfall on a surface of one temperature, and part on a surface at another temperature, so that the secondary cooling is .at different rates, or to. allow one part of the slags tobe conveyed away-over cooling surfaces, in a thin layer, while other parts are massed together, and so retain the heat and the secondarycooling is retarded. Or,where the slag particles are projected through the air, I arrest one part of the stream by acooling surface, at the point where the particles have reached a solid or plastic condition, and I allow the other part to continue passing through the air, till cooled down.

Apparatus for achieving these results, by which the slag or similar molten material may be disintegrated in a molten state and cooled as nearly instantaneously as possible from the fluid condition to a solid or plastic condition and then portions thereof rapidly cooled to form chei'nically inert material while other portions are slowly cooled to form chemically active material to be mixed together for the direct manufacture of cement, may comprise a pulverizing element capable of being regulated so as to produce particles of defined character and a cooling medium or mediums capable of being regulated as to temperature for the purpose of producing these variations of slag at will or producing bot-h simultaneously. The disintegrator may comprise a blast of steam or sure or quantity, or may comprise a mechanical disintegrator or disperser capable of being regulated as to speed so as to produce particles of defined character, a supply of water acting if desired on the still fluid slag so as to open up its structure without permanently wetting it for thepurpose of 'producingithe chemically active slag, and a cool receiving surface capable of being regulated as to temperature cooperating with the disintegrating element to receive the particles after they have been projected through the air the temperature of which may be regulated. Apparatus of these descriptions may comprise a means for producing unequal or diverse disintegration and cooling of the slag so that, while the other elements of the apparatus are regulated so as to be maintained constant, both chemically inert and active slags are produced together; and such apparatus may comprise means for arresting one part of the projected particles by arcgulated cooling surface while the rest of the particles after being projected farther arereceived on another cooling surface.

Having now described the nature of my invention, I proceed to illustrate by diagrams the methods of carrying out the same.

Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section showing diagrammatically an illustrative jet apparatus. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing an illustrative rotary disintegrator apparatus. Fig. 3 similafly shows a cooling tower apparatus; Fig. 4 similarly shows another form of disintegrating apparatus; and Fig. 5 still another form.

of steam and air or gas regulated as to pres falling is met by a jet of steam or air or gas, B, and pulverized and thrown against the water cooled Surface 0, falling into 'a water cooled conveyer D. By the regulation of the force of the jet B, the temperature of G and the temperature of D the size of the particles and their rate of cooling is determined. I

Fig. 2 shows a stream of slag A, falling on to a mechanical disintegrator B, a water cooled revolving spindle throwing the pulverized slag gainst the water cooled walls C whence they fall down the water cooled chute D into the water cooled conveyerE. By regulatingthe temperature of these surfaces, as well as the velocity of the cone B, and the temperature of the air enterin at F, by adjusting the sleeve G, the required regulation of the cooling is effected. In certain cases the revolving spindle B may besupplied with air which issues from a series of holes in the cone B and may be supplied with water in small quantities to assist by its sudden conversion into steam, the prodfiction of the required structure of the slag.

Fig. 3 shows at A, a stream of sla falling over a weir and having sufficient height to be partially cooled in falling, and falling on a water cooled surface B and into a water cooled conveyer C, by the regulation of the temperature of these elements, and of the air passing through F by adjusting the cone G the necessary regulation of the cooling may be obtaine ig. 4 shows an-arran ement where one part of-the slag is arreste by a cooling surface and the other part is allowed to-continue passing through the air till cooled down.

A is the slag stream B is a jet of steam or air or gas or a mixture of them, or other pulveri'zing device. 0 isa cooling surface arresting part of the projected particles,

which fall on the water'cooled conveyer E.

D is a cooling surface receiving the other part of the projected particles.

Fi 5 shows a similar arrangement in whie means are indicated forvarying the force ofthe jet B and giving it a pulsating character if desired. L I

In the case of Fig. I thetwo sorts-of .slags that is, active and inactive, may be produced at the same time when the stream of slag A is of a variable or surging nature,

- or the blast B may by means'of a motion given mechanically-to the valve regulating it,-be made to vary inits force as shown in a valve operating lever and cam in Fig. 1, and by these means particles of varying size are produced which cool at different rates, or the surface C may be placed horizontally, so that-the particles travel a different distance,

and lie on the surface in layers of different thickness to cool.

In the case of mechanical disintegrators of the class shown in Fig. 2, the same Irregularity of the flow may be used to produce a difference in the size of the particles, or the ,stream instead of falling centrally on the cone B, may fall partly centrally, and partly on a radial line, so that the slags meet surfaces traveling at different velocities and so are thrown at different speeds through the" air onto the cooled walls, and finally reach the conveyer in different states of cooling.

,In the case of gravitational coolers of the type shown in Fig. 3, a variable or surging flow of slag will produce the same results so as to give different sized, and differently cooled, slags, falling on the cooling surface B.

It will be understood that I do not confine myself to the particular arrangements shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, which are merely descriptive each. of a class of a paratus by which I carry out the cooling 0 slags in the particular manner necessary for my invention.

It will be understood by those familiar with this art that many modifications may be made in the form, size, proportions and numbers of parts of this apparatus. Further parts of this apparatus maybe used withoutemployingv the whole and parts may be used in connection with other devices without departing from the spirit of this invention or losing the advantages of the same. I do not. therefore, desire to be limited to the details of the disclosure which has been made in this case, but i What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims. p

1. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag and diversely operating means comprising a disintegrator to separate said slag into particles and means to cause said particles of slag to move relatively to a fluid medium while suspended therein so as to produce active and'inert cement material.

2. In cement apparatus, a. source of highly heated furnace slag, diversely operating means comprising a disintegrator to separate said slaginto particles and means toproject said slag through a fluid medium to produce active and inert cement" material.

3. In cement apparatus, a source of "highly heated furnace slfig, means to. disintegrate said slag int-o particles and diversely operating means to project said slag through a fluid medium toproduce active and inert cement material. I

4. In cement apparatus, a sourceof highly heated furnace-slag, means to disintegrate said slag into particles and diversely operatingmeans to cause said articles of slag to move relatively to a uid medium ,while suspended therein so as to produce active and inert cement materiah 5. In cement apparatus, a sourceof highly heated furnace slag, disintegrating -means comprising a pulsating jet to diversely disintegrate said slag into particles and an impinging surface to intercept part of said particles.

6. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag, means comprising a- .fluid jet to disintegrate said slag into particles and to project the same through a fluid medium and a cooled impinging surface to intercept part of said particles.

7. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag, disintegrating means comp-rising a variable fluid jet to disintegrate said slag into particles and an impinging surface to intercept part of said particles.

8. In cement apparatus, a source 'of highly heated furnace slag, an irregularly operating fluid .jet to disintegrate said slag into particles and an impinging surface to intercept part of said slag particles to produce active and inert cement material.

9. In cement apparatus, a source of highly I fl'uid jet means to diversely disintegrate the same to produce active and inert cement material.

11. In .cement apparatus, a source of.

highly heated' furnace slag, an impinging surface and a pulsating fluid jet to disintegrate said slag into particles and project the same against saidimpinging surface to produce active and inert cement material.

12. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag, means to dis integrate said slag into particles-and to project the 'same through a fluid medium anda cooled impinging surface to of said particles.

13. In cement apparatus, a source of particles of highly heated furnace slag and a cooled impinging surface to intercept part intercept part of said particles to regulate the cooling of the same. i

'14. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heatedg gfurnace slag, means 'to disintegrate saidfi-a'g into particles and a cooled impinging surface to intercept part of said particles. I

15. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag, means to disintegrate said slag into-particles and to project the'same-throngh a fluid medium, a cooled impinging surface to intercept part of said particles and a surface beyond said impinging surface to receive the particles not intercepted thereby.

16. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated particles of furnace slag, a

-ing of the same so as to form a material containing substantial proportions of active cement material.

18. In cement apparatus, a disintegrator comprising a fluid blast to disintegrate highly heated furnace slag and an impinging surface to receive said slag and to regulate the cooling of the same so as to form a material containing substantial proportions of active cement. material.

19. In cement apparatus, .a disintegrator to disintegrate highly heated furnace slag into particles and an impinging surface to receive said particles and regulate the cooling of the same so as to form a material containing substantial proportions of active cement material.

20. In cement apparatus, a disintegrator to disintegrate highly heated furnace slag into particles and receiving means ata distance from. said disintegrator so as to provide a fluid medium adjacent said disintegrator through which said slag particles are projected and their cooling regulated so as to form a material containing substantial proportions of active cement material.

21. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag, means to disintegrate said slag into particles and to project the same through a fluid medium and a receiving surface upon which said particles fall after traveling different distances through said fluid medium to produce active and inert cement material.

22. In cement apparatus, a source of highly heated furnace slag, means to disintegrate said slag into particles and receiving means upon which said particles fallafter traveling di'fi'erent distances to produce active and inert cement material.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

HERMANN PASSOW.

Witnesses: I

E. H. I1. MUMMENHOFF, .O'r'ro W. HELLMUTH. 

